A wide range of scientific and technical literature regarding prescribed burning in Australia was collated and analyzed. Uterature was classified according to the place of publication (local, state, national, and international) and the broad content of the publication (land management and ecology). Approximately the some number of publications dealing with land management and ecological issues were found. Until the 1990s, most of the documents were of local or state significance, but this trend has changed in the last 20 years and more Australian research is now finding the way into international journals. Most of the technical documents concerning land management were of a regional nature and patterns or outcomes from prescribed burning could not be easily extrapolated to a Wider landscape. Consequently, conclusions relating to the effect of controlled burning were relatively conservative. Despite this, Australia remains one of the few countries with major knowledge and experience in the planned use of fire for fuel management and ecological purposes. Copyright © 2008 by the Society of American Foresters.